Sandalwood food and agriculture organization of the united nations. He owns 150 acres of high security farm land with sandalwood cultivation. Status and cultivation of sandalwood in india1 shobha n. Ideally, you should plant your sandalwood next to an alreadyestablished host species, such as longlived wattles acacia trees or casuarinas a genus of tropical evergreens, including ironwoods and sheoaks. Santalum album, or indian sandalwood, is a small tropical tree, and is the most commonly known source of sandalwood. How to grow sandalwood the most expensive wood in world. The following content is about cultivation practices of sandalwood and sandalwood farming project report in 1 acre land. Over 900 farmers have been cultivating sandalwood under an. Precious indian sandalwood santalum album chandan tree indian sandalwood santalum album chandan chandanam srigandha tree seeds santalum album or indian sand.
Sandalwood tree young plants require irrigation only in hot and summer. Growing east african sandalwood guidelines for tree growers. Sandalwood is found distributed all over the country with over 90%. Generally, 7 to 8 months old wellbranched seedlings of 30 to 35 cm height raised on nursery beds are used for transplanting. Sandalwood is hemiparasitic, which means that the trees have to grow with other species to survive. Red sandalwood, by doing systemic and organized cultivation for 1215 years, we can achieve an optimum output of heartwood.
Sandal cultivation a potential commercial crop for. Proceedings of the symposium on sandalwood in the pacific april 911, 1990, honolulu, hawaii. Sandalwood is one of tree species are the most widely accepted fragrant trees around the world. While there are over 100 species of sandalwood plants, most varieties are native to india, hawaii or australia. As per the current rate and the value 1 kg of heart wood fetches rs. A tree that is growing well can put on an annual increment of 1 kg per year. T he most expensive wood in the world could be sandalwood tree.
Against this backdrop the present study assesses the. The approximately 10 species of santalum are distributed throughout southeastern asia and the islands of the south pacific. In india, sandalwood s tendency to use acacia and casuarina trees as host plants caused the government to enforce growing restrictions on sandalwood. Propagation of santalum, sandalwood tree 43 robert t. These collected plants should be dried up and welltreated before sowing on nursery beds. The fragrant parts of sandalwood oil constitutes of. Elle newark beautifully captures the sights, smells and sounds of india on the cusp of change, all the while spinning a richly layered tale.
Practice sandalwood and host plant seedling activities. A sandalwood tree, if raised with care is approximated up to 15 kgs of fine heart wood which has oil and fragrance in 15 years. In india santalum album is found all over the country, with over 90% of the area in. Santalum album is a parasitic, evergreen tree growing primarily in south central india, in the dry forest of the decan plateau. Things are looking up for the state with the response to planting sandalwood saplings on private land picking up. Certain cultures place great significance on its fragrant and medicinal qualities.
Subasinghe department of forestry and environmental science, university of sri jayewardenepura, nugegoda, sri lanka 1. Illegal harvests have put red sanders on the endangered list. Agriculture and state forest dept certain key problems. Artificial incision sandalwood nuts growing on tree, detail.
Mature sandalwood trees weigh around 100 kg, of which 20 kg is the aromatic heartwood, which in turn produces between 600700ml of oil per tree. Sandalwood santalum album has been part of indian culture and heritage for thousands of years, and was one of the first items traded with other countries. The sandalwood tree connects its root system to that of the host tree in order to get the nutrients it needs. Seedlings can tolerate frost, however, severe frost can result in plant death. Usually seeds collected from plants age of 15 to 20 years in august to march is best for its growth and yield. On the other hand, extraction by microwave airhydrodistillation with the.
The extraction of essential oil from sandalwood santalum. Status and cultivation of sandalwood in india 66 shobha n. Cathy buchanan, new york times bestselling author of the day the falls stood still newmarks the sandalwood tree is a finely nuanced tale of the enchantment of india for three womena century apartcaught in the midst of two struggles for. Vanuatu sandalwood is a small tree 512 m tall that occurs naturally in westcoast santo, western malekula, northwestern efate, erromango, tanna, aniwa, futuna and aneityum. Australian sandalwood establishment, management and production. Sandalwood tree stock photos download 399 royalty free. There are two species of sandalwood that are being planted in australia for their valuable aromatic timber. The other states where sandal trees are found are andhra. Several tech niques for planting seeds directly in the field have also been developed. Sandalwood farming project report, cost and profit agri. The sandal tree, also known as chandana in india, is botanicallysantalum albuml belonging to family santalaceae.
These collected plants should be dried up and welltreated before. Proceedings of the symposium on sandalwood in the pacific. Sandalwood nuts growing on tree, avon valley, western australia, australia a full view of a. Sandalwood is a class of woods from trees in the genus santalum. Pterocarpus santalinus, with the common names red sanders, red sandalwood, rakt chandan, and saunderswood, is a species of pterocarpus endemic to the southern. Status and cultivation of sandalwood in india usda forest service.
It is also considered sacred in some religions and is used in different religious traditions. The east african sandalwood is a shrub or small tree growing to a height of up to 6 m. Sandalwood cultivation information guide agri farming. How to grow a sandalwood tree in my backyard quora. Australian sandalwood santalum spicatum high value tree for low rainfall farms. The tree starts flowering at an early age of 2 to 3 years. Exercise 2 read the article on the growth of frank wilsons company, tropical forestry services, from the australian newspaper. Sandalwood farming project report, cost and profit.
Introduction sandalwood is a commercially and culturally important plant species belonging to the family santalaceae and the genus santalum. The highest quality sandalwood variety can fetch a price of up to rs 10,000 per kg. The maximum tree dimension is m 43 ft tall and 10 m 33 ft in canopy diameter, and bole diameter at breast height is 80 cm 31. Fruit is drupe, purplish when fully matured and single seeded. Research on host plant species in india, australia, indonesia, and new. Status and cultivation at the edge of the western ghat.
Sandalwood, any semiparasitic plant of the genus santalum family santalaceae, especially the fragrant wood of the true, or white, sandalwood, santalum album. Santalum is a genus of woody flowering plants, the best known and commercially valuable of which is the indian sandalwood tree, s. In sandalwood cultivation crop require less water so, you can apply the drip irrigation in the interval of 2 to 3 weeks. Pdf know your trees santalum album indian sandalwood. Introduction 41 the east indian sandalwood tree, santalum album l. Tree cultivation technologies institute of forest genetics and tree breeding indian council of forestry research and education coimbatore 641 002 to krishi vigyan kendras kvks of tamil nadu and puducherry 2014 compiled by dr. Sandalwood is not a tree frequently grown in american backyards, and while general cultivation information is available, its scope is limited. The woods are heavy, yellow, and finegrained, and unlike many other aromatic woods, they retain their fragrance for decades. With leaves sandalwood closeup, tree texture background. Two type of seed beds are used to raise sandal seedlings.
Since liberalization of rules regarding sandalwood growing in 2001 and 2002 there has been tremendous interest among farmers and stakeholders across india in farming this tree. If you have limited water then you can use the drip irrigation method for sandalwood tree cultivation. This information booklet provides a technical guide on how to raise seedlings, establish and manage sandalwood in the. Heartwood and roots are chipped and pulverized to a coarse grind before distillation.
Sandalwood oil comes from the wood and roots of santalum album, or the east indian sandalwood tree. The heartwood yields fragrant oil, which is used mainly in the perfume industry but also has medicinal properties. Extraction by microwave hydrodistillation produced sandalwood oil yield of 1. Why cant we grow sandalwood trees at home in india. The heartwood of the tree is treasured for its aroma and is one of the finest natural materials for carving.
As per tamil nadu sandalwood possession rules 1970 rule 31, no person shall possess sandalwood in excess of five kilograms without a licence issued by district forest officer. The sweet powerful and lasting odor makes sandalwood oil useful in perfume industry. Sandal cultivation a potential commercial crop excerpted from a paper by v. The possession and movement of sandalwood in tamil nadu is regulated under tamil nadu sandalwood transit rules, 1967, tamil nadu sandalwood possession rules 1970. Oil yield varies with the plant part, the age of the tree and the environment of cultivation. Its being used in asian civilizations since reported.
Ideally, you should plant your sandalwood next to an. Step 1 grow sandalwood in full sunlight in welldrained soil with a ph between 5. Care for sandalwood plants is very simple because they are so tolerant of tough growing situations, but they must be provided with host plants to grow properly. What is red sanders growing red sandalwood plants in the. Red sanders pterocarpus santalinus is a sandalwood tree that is too beautiful for its own good. The story of rangaswamy, a farmer of ragibaikanahalli in hassan district of karnataka, is very interesting. Chandan is a small evergreen tree, a partial root parasite, attaining a height of 12m. Agriculture is everywhere 5 student activities exercise 1 watch the video clip and then create a diagram to illustrate the soil to oil journey of australian grown sandalwood. Nuts ripening on tree, near york in the avon valley, western australia, australia sandalwood, santalum spicatum, nuts on the tree. Sant llipticum, s eycinetianum, s e, and s aniculatum.
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